I am going through a similar scenario with a client. Discovered about a month ago that they have been contributing to a ROTH since forever. Fortunately it is just the past couple of years that have been excess. He was active duty military ... so was never close to the max until 2019 when he retired and had military retirement and civilian job that put him over. Apparently he never felt the need to tell me about the ROTH or provide any statements or 5498s... even though my worksheets ask these very questions... He was able to recharacterize 2020 and 2021. He withdrew the 2019 contribution. I had thought that he would have to withdraw contributions plus earnings for 2019. With some research, I found that once it is past the due date of the return, they just have to withdraw the excess contributions but not the earnings to cure the excess.
the 6% penalty applies until the excess is withdrawn.
for your client, the $92k distribution would likely cure the excess, but they would owe the 6% for each year since the excess contribution was made.
Indeed! why has the IRS never caught this!