Jerry W is absolutely correct. No money is to be distributed from the estate until all the bills are paid. If the beneficiaries took the cash before the creditors, they are indeed liable for the bills. Don't even think OIC, the law is pretty clear. In this case, it may be that the money was distributed before the taxpayer died? If so, were gift tax returns filed? Gifts made within three years of death are included in the estate, so the heirs can't claim it only has $1k. Its bank account may only have $1k, but the rest is sitting in their bank accounts.